Positive and Negative Aspects of Globalization in Nation Building in Africa
Author:
Alexander Kavina
Abstract:
There is no doubt to the fact that globalization has become a buzz word of our time and has significantly impacted the whole world and Africa without exception. Despite it being a buzz word, it has also become very confusing. Some people when asked to specify how they understand it, reply with considerable hesitation, vagueness and inconsistency. However, whether one understands it or not, the fact remains that globalization is real and it is impossible to avoid it, but we have to act. In recent decades globalization has become a factor that obstructs nation-building process in the developing world and Africa in particular. Increasing inequalities between social classes, ethnic groups, regions and nations are on the rise while nations are becoming more powerless to solve these problems. On the other hand, globalization will represent a golden opportunity for nation-building process, if Africa manages to grab the opportunities presented.
Keywords:
Globalization, nation-building in Africa
DOI:
10.31132/2412-5717-2020-50-1-59-70
References:
1. Adebanwi W. (2004), Violence and the Materiality of Power: Oodua People’s Congress Ritual and the Reinvention of Culture, M.Sc. Thesis. Department of Political Science, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
2. Akipu I., Edward, L. (2014) Clash of Religious Civilizations in Nigeria: Understanding Dynamics of Religious Violence, Research Paper, No 4, 2014, p. 47.
3. Amaldas M. (2009), The Management of Globalization in Singapore: Twentieth Century Lessons for the Early Decades of the New Century, Journals of Alternative Perspectives in the Social Sciences (2009), vol 1, No 3, pp. 982–1002.
4. Appadurai A. (1996). Modernity at large: Cultural dimensions of globalization. Minneapolis, Univ. Minn. Press, pp. 4, 21.
5. Arowolo D. (2010), The Effects of Western Civilization and Culture on Africa, Research Paper, Afro-Asian Journal of Social Science, vol. 1, pp. 1, 2.
6. Bandyopadhyay S., Green E. (2013), Nation-building and conflict in modern Africa. World Development, 45, pp. 9, 108–118.
7. Brown S. (1992), International Relations in a Changing Global System, Boulder, CO: Westview, p. 90.
8. Dinnen L.E (2006), Nation-Building, Australian National University Canberra, p. 1.
9. FATF (2004), Basic Facts about Money Laundering, online a www1.oecd.org/fact/fatf/ Mlaundering-en.htm (accessed on 21 January 2019)
10. Giddens A. (1999), Runaway World: How globalization is reshaping our lives, London: Profile.
11. Guillen M.F. (2001) Is Globalization Civilizing, Destructive or Feeble? A Critique of Five Key Debates in the Social Science Literature, Annual Review of Sociology, p. 27.
12. Green E. (2011), The political economy of nation formation in modern Tanzania: Explaining stability in the face of diversity. Commonwealth & Comparative Politics, 49 (2), pp. 223–244.
13. Hall S. (1991) The Local and the Global: Globalization and Ethnicity (ed. Anthony D. King), Culture, globalization and the World-System. London: MacMillan Press Ltd, p.1.
14. Harden B. (1987), Tribalism Slows Nation-Building, Washington Post, February 13, 1987.
15. Heidhues F., Atsain A., Nyangito H., Padilla M., Ghersi G., Le Vallee J.-C. (2004), Development Strategies and Food and Nutrition Security in Africa: An Assessment 2020, Discussion Paper No 38, IFPRT, Washington, DC.
16. Held D. (1995). Democracy and the Global Order: From Modern State to Cosmopolitan Government, Cambridge, Polity Press.
17. Ibrahim A.A (2013), The Impact of globalization on Africa, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, vol. 3. No. 15, August, 2013, pp. 89, 90.
18. Kessler I. (2006), What Went Right in Tanzania: How Nation Building and Political Culture Have Produced Forty-Four Years of Peace, pp. 43–44.
19. Lakic N. (2011), Is Globalization a Challenge or Threat to Nation-State as a Dominant form of Polity, in Globalization and State, Journal of the Belgrade Centre for Security Policy, Year 6, No. 21, pp. 12, 13.
20. Majid K. (2002). Globalization and state. Dar Al-Hikma, London, p. 39.
21. Menenji F.M. (1998), The effects of globalization on culture in Africa in the eyes of an African Woman, WCC Justice, Peace, creation team, pp. 1, 3.
22. Miguel E. (2004) Tribe or Nation? Nation-building and Public goods in Kenya versus Tanzania. World Politics, vol. 56(3), pp. 327–362.
23. Mimiko N.O. (2010). Would Falola Frustrations Suffice? Tradition, Governance Challenges and the Prospects of Change in Africa (ed. Niyi Afolabi) Toyin Falola: The Man,The Mask, The Muse. North Carolina: Carolina Academic Press, pp. 641–642.
24. Mukwedeya T. (2016), Nation Building in Africa: Lessons From Tanzania, Kenya, South Africa and Namibia, Mandela Institute for Development Studies (MINDS) Youth Dialogue 3-4 (August-2016, Discussion Paper, pp. 10–11, 140).
25. Nwokoye E.S. (2009), Brain drain in less developed countries: Africa in focus. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303984720_Brain_drain_in_less_developed_countries_Africa_in_focus (accessed Dec 31 2018)
26. Ohmae K. (1995), The End of the Nation State: The Rise of Regional Economies. London: Harper Collins Publishers, p. 13.
27. Rodney W (1972), How Europe Underdeveloped Africa, East African Educational Publishers Ltd, p. 240.
28. Rwegabo S. (2016), Nation Building in Africa: Lessons from Tanzania for South Sudan, Mandela Institute for Development Studies (MINDS) Youth Dialogue 3–4 August, 2016, Discussion Paper, 7.
29. Scholte J. (2005), Globalization. A critical introduction, (2nd Edition) Palgrave Macmillan, New York, pp. 167, 227, 285.
30. Smith M., Doyle M. (2002). Globalization. Encyclopedia of informal education Retrieved, November, 14, 2018 from http://www.infed.org/biblio/globalization and education.html.
31. UNESCO (1974), Young People and African Cultural Values. Documents of Regional Meeting of Abomey, Dahomey 2–7 December, p. 23.
32. Woolman D. (2001), Educational reconstruction and post–colonial curriculum development: A comparative study of four African countries, International Journal, vol. 2, No5, 2001, p. 1.
33. World Bank (1994), Adjustment in Africa: Reforms, Results and the Road Ahead, Oxford University, Press, New York, pp. 131–153.
34. World Bank (2000), Can Africa Claim the 21st Century? Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 3–4.
35. Wurm S.A. (ed) 1996), Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger of Disappearing. Paris: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
