Scientific and Technological Potential of African and Middle Eastern Countries within the BRICS Framework: Opportunities and Interests of Russia

Author:

Kharina O.A.1, Strelnikova I.A.1, Shatalin K.S.1

Affiliation:

1. School of Asian Studies, Faculty of World Economy and International Affairs, HSE University, Moscow, Russian Federation

Abstract:

The paper examines the science and technology potential of the countries of Africa and the Middle East that joined the BRICS in 2024 and analyzes the opportunities and interests of Russia in developing cooperation with new BRICS members within the framework of the BRICS+ format. Special attention is paid to the differentiated levels of the development of science and technology in the countries of the region, including the states of the Persian Gulf, the countries of Northeast Africa, and South Africa, and to their national strategies for digital transformation, artificial intelligence, and cybersecurity. It is shown that the countries of the Middle East (UAE, Iran, and Saudi Arabia, which was invited to BRICS) have significant financial, institutional, and human potential for the development of high-tech industries, while several African states (Egypt, Ethiopia) are currently at the stage of forming a digital infrastructure and innovation ecosystem. The paper argues that for Russia, cooperation with the new BRICS members is of strategic importance in the context of ensuring technological sovereignty, diversifying international scientific ties, and finding alternative markets for domestic technologies in the face of sanctions restrictions. The key areas of Russian-African and Russian-Middle Eastern scientific and technological cooperation are also highlighted, including information security, open-source cloud technologies, artificial intelligence, digitalization of public administration, and personnel training. Special attention is paid to the limitations of cooperation, such as financial barriers, differences in the regulatory framework, and infrastructural constraints, and possible mechanisms are suggested to overcome the existing limitations within the framework of BRICS+. It is concluded that the expansion of the BRICS creates the prerequisites for the formation of a multipolar system of scientific and technological development, in which Russia can take a stable position as a supplier of technology, expertise, and educational solutions for the countries of the Global South.

Keywords:

BRICS, science and technology potential, Russia, Africa, the Middle East, technological sovereignty, digital transformation, international scientific and technological cooperation.

References:

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Received:
Revised:
Accepted:

For citation:

Kharina O.A., Strelnikova I.A., Shatalin K.S. (2026). Science and Technology Potential of African and Middle Eastern Countries within the BRICS Framework: Opportunities and Interests of Russia. Journal of the Institute for African Studies. Vol. 12. № 2. Pp. 94‒109. https://doi.org/10.31132/2412-5717-2026-75-2-94-109

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