Роковое будущее при сохранении прошлого: эпохальные надежды при получении независимости Южным Суданом
Автор:
Тимм Сюро
DOI:
10.31132/2412-5717-2019-47-2-68-85
Аннотация:
Надежда, понимаемая как «временная переориентация знания» (Miyazaki 2004: 5), определяет и меняет будущее как «последствие взаимодействия» (Crapanzano 2003: 6). При получении Южным Суданом независимости эпохальная надежда была связана с окончанием несчастий, ассоциировавшихся с суданским правлением, и правительственные чиновники нового государства постарались выразить эту надежду в символах. Их идея заключалась в создании сильной связи между этими символами надежды и новой национальной идентичностью, чтобы нивелировать неизбежный после получения независимости спад ожиданий. Рассматривая два примера проявления надежды в Южном Судане и анализируя его государственные символы – флаг и герб, – автор показывает, какими были надежда на будущее в Южном Судане в 2011 г., государственные символы и попытки строительства нации. Автор обращается к предупреждению Франца Фанона о неприменимости в Африке европейских моделей и его анализу того, как те, кто им следует, попадают в ловушку национализма – конструирования идентичности, при котором неизбежно кто-то включается в нацию, а кто-то исключается из нее. В случае Южного Судана это привело к возвращению страны к кошмарам межэтнической вражды, прежних форм эксплуатации при новых бенефициариях и к новым, насильственным формам исключения из нации.
Ключевые слова:
будущее, надежда, отчаяние, нация, Южный Судан, независимость, строительство государства, национальное государство
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