Демократизация в Кении

Автор:

Кургат Э.Дж., Мулонго Л.С., Керре П.

Аннотация:

В статье анализируются проблемы, с которыми сталкивается Кения на пути демократизации и построения жизнеспособного государства и единого общества. До всеобщих выборов 2007 г. Кения рассматривалась как оазис мира и стабильности в неспокойном регионе, что было обусловлено политическими преобразованиями, никогда ранее не приводившими к насилию. Политика независимой Кении привела к возникновению идеологии, не благоприятствующей демократизации государства и эффективному формированию гражданского общества. Авторы показывают, как отсутствие демократической системы правления, в рамках которой важное место занимали бы компромисс, сотрудничество и достижение консенсуса, раскололо общество по региональному и, что еще более заметно, этническому признакам. Об этом свидетельствуют деятельность политических партий, результаты выборов и споры об изменении конституции. Гражданское общество должно инициировать и направлять дебаты по политическим вопросам, что, в свою очередь, позволит избежать насилия в условиях политической конкуренции. Рассматриваются, в частности, следующие вопросы: каково влияние политических институтов и гражданского общества на упрочение таких ценностей, как достижение мира посредством компромисса, консенсуса и толерантности в этнически поляризованном обществе? Занимало ли гражданское общество нейтральную позицию или становилось стороной в межэтнических спорах? Как и когда гражданские общества начинают активно участвовать в процессах принятия ответственных решений? Могут ли они быть объединяющей силой при строительстве нации (государства)? Поиск ответов на эти вопросы – цель данного исследования.

Ключевые слова:

Кения, выборы, демократизация, политические системы, гражданское общество

Источники:

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Ibidem.
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Ibidem.
Ibidem.
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Ibidem.
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Ibidem.
Ibidem.
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Ibidem.
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